A Scoping Review about the Characteristics and Success-Failure Rates of Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics.

This study synthesized the scientific evidence concerning the main characteristics of the Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs) used in orthodontics and reported the success-failure rates during treatment. For that means, this scoping review collected articles from previous research. A complementary search was carried out in the databases PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, LILACS, and EMBASE, focusing on original studies published from 2010 to 2020. We analyzed the main characteristics of the publications. As a result, 103 articles were included. Most of the research was conducted among different groups, who needed TADs principally in the maxilla and an interradicular location between the second premolar and first molar. AbsoAnchor, Dentos Inc., Daegu, Korea, was the most used brand of TADs. The most common characteristics of the devices and biomechanics were a diameter and length of 1.6 mm and 8 mm, a self-drilled system, a closed technique for placement, immediate loading, and forces that ranged between 40 and 800 g. Of the studies, 47.6% showed success rates ≥90%. In conclusion, high success rates were found for TADs, and differences were found according to sociodemographic and clinical variables. The studies showed variability in methodological design, and scientific publications were concentrated in certain countries. We recommend further scientific research on TADs using more standardized designs.

Musculoskeletal disorders and related factors in the Colombian orthodontists' practice.

Objective. This study aimed to characterize the symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and their related factors in a group of orthodontists in the city of Medellín (Colombia). Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 100 orthodontists. A survey provided sociodemographic and work-related information. MSDs were recorded through the Nordic questionnaire. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were carried out by determining the prevalence of MSD symptoms by anatomical zone and selected variables. Results. Prevalence of MSDs was 81% for males and 88% for females. Anatomical regions were the neck (males 44%, females 59%), shoulders (males 44%, females 48%), lower back-lumbar zone (males 63%, females 51%), elbow-forearm (males 15%, females 15%) and wrist-hand (males 32%, females 51%). The frequency of symptoms was higher in males >41 years old, with more than a work contract or females who worked >40 h per week, and in orthodontists (males-females) who reported higher work-related dissatisfaction levels. Conclusions. A high prevalence of MSDs was found among orthodontists, with differences in the frequency of symptoms related to sociodemographic and work-related factors. Preventive strategies related to health and work safety would be advisable considering the particular needs of this dentist group.

Evaluation of mandibular buccal shelf characteristics in the Colombian population: A cone-beam computed tomography study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mandibular buccal shelf (MBS) in terms of the angulation and bone depth and thickness according to sex, age, and sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns in a Colombian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Accordingly, the optimal site for miniscrew insertion in this area was determined. METHODS: This descriptive, retrospective study included 64 hemi-arches of 34 patients. On CBCT images, the angulation, buccal bone depth (4 and 6 mm from the cementoenamel junction [CEJ] of MBS), and buccal bone thickness (6 and 11 mm from the CEJ of MBS) were measured at the mesial and distal roots of the mandibular first and second molars. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the angulation, depth, and thickness of MBS between male and female patients. The values for the bone around the distal root of the mandibular second molar were significantly greater than the other values. The osseous characteristics were significantly better in participants aged 16-24 years. Class III patients exhibited the best osseous characteristics, with the bone depth at 6 mm being significantly different from that in Class I and Class II patients. Although values tended to be greater in patients with low angles, the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: MBS provides an optimal bone surface for miniscrew insertion, with better osseous characteristics at the distal root of the mandibular second molar, 4 mm from CEJ. Adolescent patients, Class III patients, and patients with a low angle exhibit the most favorable osseous characteristics in the MBS area.

Consideraciones especiales de bioseguridad en ortodoncia durante pandemia (SARS COV-2) / Special biosecurity considerations in orthodontics during pandemic (SARS COV-2) / Considerações especiais de biossegurança em ortodontia durante pandemia (SARS-COV-2)

Resumen El control periódico en un tratamiento de Ortodoncia permite establecer una buena secuencia de tratamiento sin riesgos para el paciente. Un tratamiento sin la vigilancia adecuada puede llegar a generar daños irreversibles. Sin embargo, por la pandemia de COVID-19 que enfrenta el mundo actualmente y los riesgos en el área de la salud, se han suspendido temporalmente los servicios no vitales y potencialmente expuestos a contagios como lo son los servicios odontológicos de consulta programada. Teniendo en cuenta esta situación, y que este virus puede llegar a ser endémico en la población humana, se hace necesario establecer protocolos de bioseguridad que permitan reactivar las prácticas odontológicas, y a su vez genear garantías para operadores, personal de apoyo, pacientes y el entorno de los mismos. En este contexto, es de gran importancia desarrollar un protocolo con profesionales expertos en tratamientos ortodóncicos y en el manejo de la pandemia, para delinear procesos de calidad que garanticen un ambiente seguro y minimicen los riesgos de contagio.

Abstract Periodic control in an Orthodontic treatment allows establishing a good treatment sequence without risks for the patient. Treatment without proper monitoring can lead to irreversible damage. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic facing the world today and the risks in the health area, non-vital and potentially contagious services such as scheduled consultation dental services have been temporarily closed. Taking into account this situation, and that this virus will end up being endemic, it is necessary to establish biosafety protocols that allow reactivating dental practices, and in turn generate guarantees for operators, support staff, patients and the environment of the themselves. In this context, it is of great importance to develop a protocol carried out with expert professionals in orthodontic treatments and in the pandemic, to outline the quality protocol that guarantees a safe environment and minimizes the risks of infection.

Resumo O controle periódico em um tratamento ortodôntico permite estabelecer uma boa sequência de tratamento sem riscos para o paciente. O tratamento sem monitoramento adequado pode levar a danos irreversíveis. No entanto, devido à pandemia do COVID-19 que o mundo enfrenta atualmente e aos riscos na área da saúde, serviços não vitais e potencialmente contagiosos foram temporariamente suspensos, como serviços odontológicos agendados para consultas. Considerando essa situação e que esse vírus pode se tornar endêmico na população humana, é necessário estabelecer protocolos de biossegurança que permitam reativar as práticas odontológicas e, por sua vez, gerar garantias aos operadores, pessoal de apoio, pacientes e meio ambiente. Dos mesmos. Nesse contexto, é de grande importância o desenvolvimento de um protocolo com profissionais especialistas em tratamentos ortodônticos e no manejo da pandemia, para delinear processos de qualidade que garantam um ambiente seguro e minimizem os riscos de infecção.

An Umbrella Review of the Effectiveness of Temporary Anchorage Devices and the Factors That Contribute to Their Success or Failure.

OBJECTIVES: New methodological approaches, such as the umbrella review, constitute an important pathway for synthesizing the scientific evidence provided from studies with a high level of evidence. This study aims to summarize the results on the effectiveness of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) and the factors that contribute to their success or failure during orthodontic treatment in patients of different age groups and to identify the gaps in knowledge based on analysis of the scientific literature. METHODS: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was performed. A quality evaluation and a descriptive analysis of the included studies were conducted. The study protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42018094463). RESULTS: Seventeen systematic reviews and meta-analyses were considered (10 descriptive and 7 with meta-analysis; 12 of high quality and 5 of moderate quality). Variability was observed in the type of intervention and the type of system (TADs). Most of the studies reported high success rates (≥90%), and just one systematic review indicated a low rate of success (≤56%) for the mini-screws. All the studies discussed several factors related to the success of the TADs. These factors were classified as device-related factors, patient-related factors, procedure-related factors, and orthodontic treatment-related factors. Conceptual and methodological gaps were observed when considering the data analysis, the terminology used, and the orthodontic protocols. CONCLUSIONS: The results should be analysed cautiously because of several research gaps related to the methodological quality and the high heterogeneity of the original studies and because of the necessity to add several clinical and sociodemographic variables to enrich the data analysis.

Determinación del pronóstico en pacientes que presentan caninos maxilares impactados de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Antioquia / Determination of the prognosis in patients who presenting impacted maxillary canines in the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Antioquia

Introducción: la impactación de los caninos maxilares es una alteración poco frecuente en la vía de erupción quedebe ser diagnosticada y pronosticada a tiempo. Se hizo un análisis descriptivo en una muestra de dieciocho pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Antioquia en Medellín, Colombia, recolectando información epidemiológica y aplicando análisis radiográficos de impactación de caninos maxilares para verificar su asociación predictiva. Métodos: se hizo valoración clínica de los pacientes con impactación de caninos maxilares y se tomaron, escanearon y trazaron digitalmente unaradiografía panorámica y tres periapicales de cada diente objeto de estudio, en las cuales se aplicaron los análisis de Lindauer, Warford, Power y Short, y Clark. Resultados y conclusiones: se encontró prevalencia de impactación canina del 2,9%, mayoren pacientes de sexo femenino, en el primer cuadrante, en ubicación vestibular y con malposición asociada del incisivo lateral adyacente. Adicionalmente, se observó una fuerte concordancia y asociación positiva entre el análisis de Warford, y el de Powery Short, mas no de estos con el análisis de Lindauer. Se concluye que para predecir el pronóstico de caninos maxilares impactados es válido realizar tanto el análisis angular como el sectorial en radiografías panorámicas.

Introduction: maxillary canine impaction is a rare alteration in the eruption pathway that must be diagnosed andprognosticated on time. A descriptive analysis was performed in a sample of 18 patients of the School of Dentistry of the University of Antioquia in Medellín, Colombia, in order to collect epidemiological information and apply some radiographic maxillary canineimpaction analysis to verify its predictive association. Methods: a clinical evaluation of the patients with canine maxillary impactionwas carried out and a panoramic radiographs and three periapical of each studied tooth were taken, scanned, and digitally traced, then Lindauer, Warford, Power and Short, and Clark analysis were performed. Results and conclusions: a prevalence of canineimpaction of 2,9% was found, significantly higher in females, in the first quadrant, in a labial location and with an associated adjacent lateral incisor malposition. Additionally, a high concordance and a positive association between Warford and Power andShort analysis was noted, but not with the Lindauer analysis. It was concluded that to predict the prognosis of canine maxillary impaction it is valid to apply the angular as well as the sector analysis in panoramic radiographs.